1) Which of the following is of great significance in agriculture and medicine?
a) Hybridization
b) Entomology
c) Genetic engineering
d) Biotechnology

2) The mudball technique has been proposed by
a) Rice Research Institute, Cuttack
b) CSIR, New Delhi
c) Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
d) The International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines

3) Genes for antibiotic resistance are located in the
a) Plasmid
b) Nucleus
c) Chromosome
d) Plastid

4) Which enzyme is useful in genetic engineering?
a) DNA-ase
b) Amylase
c) Lipase
d) Restriction endonuclease

5) Wild type Escherichia coli growing on a medium containing glucose is transferred
to a lactose containing medium. Which change occurs?
a) Lac operon is induced
b) Lac operon is suppressed
c) All operons are induced
d) The bacterium stops dividing

6) In split genes, the coding sequences are called
a) Exons
b) Introns
c) Cistrons
d) Operons

7) The protein cover of a virus is the
a) Capsid
b) Virion
c) Viroid
d) Mucopeptide

8) Who synthesised the first artificial gene?
a) Morgan
b) Nirenberg
c) Khorana
d) Mendel

9) It is now possible to breed plants and animals of desired characters through
a) Tissue culture
b) Genetic engineering
c) Ikebana technique
d) Chromosome engineering

10) The indirect transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through
a bacteriophage/virus is
a) Transformation
b) Translation
c) Conjugation
d) Transduction

11) Advancement in genetic engineering has been possible due to the discovery of
a) Oncogenes
b) Transposons
c) Restriction endonucleases
d) Exonucleases

12) The genetic material of the influenza virus is
a) Single helix DNA
b) Double helix DNA
c) Double strand RNA
d) Single strand RNA

13) Genetically engineered bacteria are being used in the commercial production
of
a) Melatonin
b) Testosterone
c) Human insulin
d) Thyroxine

14) Transgenic plants are developed by
a) Introducing foreign genes
b) Introducing gene mutations
c) Deleting certain chromosome parts
d) Stopping spindle formation

15) has
a) ds DNA
b) ss RNA
c) ss DNA
d) ds RNA

16) Phages which show a lysogenic cycle are known as
a) Lytic phages
b) Temperate phages
c) Virulent phages
d) Avirulent phages

17) The genetic material of retrovirus is
a) ss RNA
b) ss DNA
c) ds RNA
d) ds DNA

18) Jacob and Monod won the Nobel Prize for their work on the
a) Operon model
b) Structure of genes
c) Genetic diseases
d) Function of genes

19) Chemical knives/molecular scissors of DNA are
a) Endonucleases
b) Polymerases
c) Ligases
d) Transcriptases

20) The two bacteria most useful in genetic engineering are
a) Rhizobium and Azotobacter
b) Escherichia and Agrobacterium
c) Rhizobium and Diplococcus
d) Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella

21) Genetic engineering has been made possible due to the
a) Observation of DNA under the electron microscope
b) Capacity to break DNA at specific points by DNA-ases
c) Availability of restriction endonucleases in purified form
d) Knowledge of transduction

22) The genes involved in turning on and off of structural genes are
a) Operator genes
b) Regulator genes
c) Redundant genes
d) Promoter genes

23) Transposable elements (genes) were first discovered in
a) Pea
b) Drosophila
c) Maize
d) Amabidopsus

24) A gene capable of moving from one chromosome to another is a
a) Cosmid
b) Exonic gene
c) Transposon
d) Mute gene

25) Which disease is caused by the activation of oncogenes?
a) Cholera
b) TB
c) Cancer
d) Viral flu

26) Reverse transcriptase
a) Disintegrates host DNA
b) Polymerises host DNA
c) Translates host DNA
d) Transcribes viral RNA to cDNA

27) The enzyme needed for the production of DNA from RNA is
a) RNA polymerase
b) Reverse transcriptase
c) DNA helicase
d) DNA polymerase

28) The literal meaning of virus is
a) Venom
b) Poison
c) Secretion
d) All of these

29) The word virus was first used by
a) F.C Bawden
b) D. Iwanowski
c) W.M Stanley
d) Beijerinck

30) Viruses are
a) Cellular organisms
b) Noncellular organisms
c) Unicellular organisms
d) Cellular without wall

31) Which of the following discovered the virus?
a) Leeuwenhoek
b) A.P. de Condolle
c) Dimitri Ivanowsky
d) Beijerinck

32) The virus discovered for the first time happened to be
a) An algal virus
b) An animal virus
c) A virus infecting higher plants
d) A bacterial virus

33) A bacteriophage is
a) A virus attacking a bacterium
b) A bacterium attacking a virus
c) A stage in the lie cycle eof a bacterium
d) A virus attacking another virus

34) A detailed study of the bacteriophage was made by
a) Ivanowsksy
b) Stanley
c) Twort
d) De Herelle

35) Which virus ( among the following) was isolated first?
a)
174
b) pox virus
c) TMV
d) LPP-1

36) The first to isolate a plant virus was
a) W.M Stanley
b) R.M. Smith
c) D. Iwanowsky
d) F.C Stakman

37) The plant virus TMV was first isolated in crystalline form by
a) Ivanowsky
b) W.M. Stanley
c) Miller
d) Sabin

38) Which virus was crystallised for the first time?
a) Cauliflower mosaic virus
b) Tobacco mosaic virus
c) Tomato mosaic virus
d) Influenza virus

39) "The infective portion of a virus is the nucleic acid", This was discovered by
a) De Herelle
b) Hershey and Chase
c) Stanley
d) Ivanowsky

40) Cyanophages were discovered by
a) Jacob and Monod
b) Lederberg and Zinder
c) Lederberg and Tatum
d) Safferman and Morris

41) f
´
174 was discovered by
a) Sinsheimer
b) Stanley
c) Meyer
d) Pasteur

42) Who discovered the synthesis of DNA from RNA in Rous sarcoma virus?
a) Lous
b) Temin
c) Smith
d) Meyer

43) The group of viruses which attack blue-green algae are termed
a) Bacteriophage
b) Cyanophages
c) Mosaic viruses
d) Phages only

44) The average size range of virus is
a) 10-30 nm
b) 20-300 nm
c) 100-1000 nm
d) 1-10 nm

45) The largest animal virus is
a) Pox virus
b) Penicillium virus
c) Wound tumour virus
d) Coliphage

46) Viruses are essentially made up of
a) Proteins and nucleic acid
b) Proteins and carbohydrates
c) Lipids and nucleic acids
d) Starch, protein and lipids

47) Viruses and bacteriophages are made up of
a) Protein
b) Nucleoprotein
c) Lipoprotein
d) DNA and RNA

48) Viruses have
a) chromosomes
b) ribosomes
c) nucleic acids
d) Carbohydrates

49) A natural stage of a virus which is capable of infection is the
a) Viroid
b) Virusoid
c) Virion
d) Virus particle

50) The term virion refers to the
a) Capsid of a virus
b) Dead virus
c) Nucleic acid of a virus
d) Complete form of a virus

51) Which does not contain both DNA and RNA?
a) Yeast
b) Bacteria
c) Mycoplasma
d) Virus

52) The nucleic acid present in a coliphage is
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) DNA or RNA
d) DNA and RNA

53) Plant viruses are mostly
a) Proteins
b) Nucleoproteins
c) Mineral salts
d) Fats and minerals

54) Which among the following contains only one type of nucleic acid?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Bacteria
d) Virus

55) Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Viruses do not contain nucleic acid
b) All viruses contain DNA
c) All viruses contain RNA
d) Some viruses contain DNA and some contain RNA

56) The influenza virus has
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) DNA and RNA both
d) None

57) Double stranded RNA is present in the
a) Ribovirus
b) Reovirus
c)
d)

58) The Rous sarcoma virus contains
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) DNA/RNA
d) None of the above

59) TMV and the majority of plant viruses possess
a) Only ssRNA
b) Only ds RNA
c) Both RNA and DNA
d) Only DNA

60) TMV contains
a) A single stranded RNA
b) A single stranded DNA
c) A double stranded RNA
d) A double stranded DNA

61) Tobacco mosaic virus( TMV) genes are
a) Single-stranded DNA
b) Double stranded RNA
c) Proteinaceous
d) Polyribonucleotides

62) In which of the following does ss RNA act as genetic material?
a)
b) Rhizobium
c) Tobacco mosaic virus
d) Dahlia mosaic virus

63) In cyanophages, the genetic material is
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Both DNA and RNA
d) DNA as well as RNA

64) Mycophages have
a) ss RNA
b) ds RNA
c) ss DNA
d) ds DNA

65) How many genes are present in the simplest virus?
a) One
b) Five
c) Eight
d) Nine

66) The protein coat of a virus is made up of
a) Schizomeres
b) Chromomeres
c) Capsomeres
d) Capsid

67) The viral envelope is made up of
a) Protein
b) Lipid
c) Lipoprotein
d) Mucilage

68) Capsid refers to the
a) Nucleic acid of virus
b) Protein coat of virus particles
c) Carbohydrate part of viruses
d) None of the above

69) TMV particles contain
a) DNA and protein
b) RNA and protein
c) Both DNA and RNA
d) DNA only

70) The approximate size of TMV is
a) 275nm x 50 nm
b) 275nm x 100 nm
c) 500 nm x 50 nm
d) 5nm x 10nm

71) AIDS virus contains
a) RNA with protein
b) DNA with protein
c) RNA without protein
d) Only DNA

72) AIDS is caused by the virus
a) HIV
b) SV-40
c) TNV
d) Any of these

73) A bacteriophage consists of
a) Carbon and nitrogen
b) DNA or RNA
c) Nucleoprotein
d) Proteins

74) All viruses are entirely
a) Parasitic
b) Epiphytic
c) Symbiotic
d) Saprobiontic

75) Which physiological process is exhibited by viruses?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Photosynthesis
c) Self duplication
d) Transpiration

76) Viruses can multiply in
a) air
b) water
c) soil
d) the host cytoplasm only

77) A virus multiplies in
a) Culture medium
b) Dead tissue
c) Living tissue
d) Soil

78) Viruses can multiply in
a) Bacteria only
b) All living cells
c) Specific living cells
d) Rotten food

79) Which of the following is true of viruses ( OR an interesting feature of viruses is that)
a) They multiply in host cells only
b) They behave as if they are plants
c) They are made up of proteins only
d) They occur only inside bacteria.

80) Which part of a virus usually enters the host?
a) Envelope
b) Capsid
c) Nucleic acid
d) All together

81) At which site is the protein of the viral coat synthesized?
a) Plasma membrane of the host
b) Mitochondria of the host
c) Ribosome of the host
d) RNA of the virus

82) Viruses synthesise their protein coat
a) Inside the host cell
b) Outside the host cell
c) Both inside and outside the host cell
d) In the extracellular environment

83) The bursting of an infected cell to release virus particles is called
a) Lysogeny
b) Lysis
c) Eclipse
d) Dehiscence

84) The clear translucent areas developed on an agar plate which contains phage particles and bacteria are called
a) Bacteriophages
b) Transparencies
c) Plaques
d) Holes

85) In phage or plaque culture
a) The whole of the virus enters the bacteria and multiplies
b) Only the DNA of the virus enters and multiplies
c) Only the protein of the virus enters and multiplies
d) The capsid and envelope enter and multiply

86) The infection by a virus which results in the destruction of the host is called
a) Lysogeny
b) Pseudolysogeny
c) Lytic infection
d) All of these

87) The DNA of virus multiplying inside the host cell is called
a) Provirus
b) Vegetative phage
c) Virulent phage
d) Prophage

88) The viral nucleic acid integrated with the host genophore is called a
a) Bacteriophage
b) Macrophage
c) Cyanophage
d) Prophage

89) A phage which invades a host but does not destroy it is called a
a) Temperate phage
b) Phycophage
c) Virulent phage
d) Mycophage

90) Crops suffer from many diseases. Indicate the plant disease caused by a virus :
a) Potato mosaic
b) Citrus canker
c) Brown rot of potato
d) Leaf spot of cotton

91) Which of the following is not a viral disease:
a) Red rot of sugarcane
b) Tobacco mosaic
c) Leaf curl of papaya
d) Cassava mosaic

92) Mosaic of sugarcane is caused by a
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Algae
d) Virus

93) Leaf curl disease of potato is caused by a
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungi
d) Mycoplasma

94) Banana Bunchy top is caused by a
a) Mycoplasma
b) Deuteromyces
c) Xanthomonas
d) Viruses

95) The insect transmitting a virus is known as a
a) Vector
b) Transfomer
c) Collateral host
d) None of the above

96) Viruses are commonly transmitted in plants through
a) wind
b) water
c) sucking insects
d) animals

97) Viruses usually infect the whole plant except for the
a) Tender leaves
b) Old stem
c) Apical meristem
d) Roots

98) Virus-free clones can be obtained from
a) Root
b) Leaves
c) Stem
d) Apical meristems

99) Which diseases are caused by viruses?
a) Cholera and Rabies
b) Typhoid and polio
c) Rabies and polio
d) Syphilis and common cold

100) The common cold is caused by a
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Unicellular algae
d) Protozoa

Answers